Do you know about - Motivational Interviewing and Substance Abuse
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In the past 50 years, many confrontational psychodynamic approaches became beloved and almost the anticipation of substance abuse and addiction treatment. There was the idea that substance abuse was a symptom of an fundamental disorder (Weegmann, 2002). Once the disorder was treated, the secondary substance abuse would clear up on its own. As Weegmann discussed, investigate has shown that very confrontational methods often instilled an ever deeper sense of resistance in the client. The division of thriving outcomes within the field of addiction have been tossed nearby and range a great deal, however they have all the time seemed pretty dismal in comparison to the distance and cost of many medicine programs. A new advent is needful and an advent that is more accessible to those in need of it would be very needful in the field.
Addiction and Substance Abuse
According to Miller (1998), addiction can be described within two conditions: (1) a behavior that persists even though there is apparent risk or harm to oneself or others and (2) to an outside observer the individual demonstrates diminished, but retrievable, capacity for self-regulation of the behavior. Miller also discusses "symptoms" of addiction which include: giving excessive priority to the addictive behavior; avoidance of situations where the behavior is inaccessible; and giving a high priority to the behavior after a period of abstinence, among others. Miller suggests that the problem of addiction is plainly competitive motivations. Motivation for the behavior currently outweighs the harm and perceived value of ready alternatives to that behavior.
So how does an addicted individual flee addiction? Miller (1998) argues that there can be a sudden shift in how the someone perceives the pros and cons of their behavior. This is often seen over time as the suffering directly attached to the addiction increases and the ratio of pros and cons shifts. Through motivational interviewing, Miller suggests that therapists and other helping professionals can lend clients other perspective, a mirror image of themselves, so as to increase the client's concept of the consequences and saliency of their behavior.
Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Within efforts to utilize motivational interviewing within adolescence, motivational interviewing offers several advantages over other medicine options. Agreeing to one article (Tevyaw & Monti, 2004), motivational enhancement and other brief interventions have the top supervene sizes among all treatments for alcohol abuse and dependence and evidence similar efficacy rates. Motivational techniques also supply a more flexible continuum of medicine ranging from abstinence to harm reduction within cases where abstinence is not necessary, which is often the case with adolescents with short histories of substance abuse (Tevyaw & Monti, 2004). Adolescents also often end up in a medicine setting due to a decision made by an authority frame such as their parents or the justice theory and concerns are often not shared by the adolescent. They are often characterized by resistance to change and a lack of comprehension of the consequences of their behavior. Motivational techniques supply clinicians with an attractive recipe to increase rapport and commitment to change from clients that have been deemed as resistant in the past (Tevyaw & Monti, 2004).
It is often not needful for adolescents to admit to or talk having substance abuse problems in order for them to advantage from a motivational approach. Motivational techniques also do not rely on diagnostic labels allowing for the client to advantage at any level of readiness to change. It can raise awareness during the pre-contemplation stage, can help in decision-making during contemplation, can heighten a person's resolution to change during the operation and maintenance stages, and after a relapse it can supply an opening for reassessment (Ford, Oliver & Whitehead, 2006).
Within young adulthood, motivational interviewing provides similar advantages over other medicine options, however the potential to utilize brief interventions becomes incredibly needful at this stage. Young adults are at a much higher risk of the drastic effects of substance abuse due to their distance from home and authority. As Monti and Tevyaw (2004) point out, young adults in the 18 to 25 age range consistently engage in high rates of risky behavior such as heavy substance abuse and unprotected sex. These individuals are less likely to be confronted by family due to their distance from them or by friends due to the general acceptance of this behavior during this life stage. It is therefore prominent to utilize brief motivational interventions within areas where young adults gift themselves such as the emergency department, college counseling and health centers, and within employee aid programs. Motivational interviewing provides a simple, trainable technique that can be used in any of these settings in a brief period of time.
Outcomes
Each study agreed that motivational interviewing provided at the very least a comparably effective selection for substance abuse treatment. Within one study (Schneider, Case & Kohn, 2000), clients who were placed with counselors practicing motivational interviewing showed higher satisfaction rates with their experience. In other study among heavy drinkers on college campuses, brief interventions of motivational interviewing results in lower self-reported rates of alcohol consumption and lower blood alcohol levels than individuals who plainly received feedback (Monti & Tevyaw, 2004). Students mandated into a campus alcohol agenda were more likely to seek added aid with their drinking following a brief motivational intervention than students who plainly completed the agenda in one study (Monti & Tevyaw, 2004). In one final study, older adolescents presenting at an emergency group following an alcohol-related event were randomized to one session of motivational interviewing versus typical care. At a 6-month follow-up, those who had received the motivational interview showed a significantly lower rate of drinking and driving, traffic violations, and other alcohol-related problems or injuries (Tevyaw & Monti, 2004).
Conclusion
Motivational interviewing is a simple, very trainable, and effective technique that approaches addiction in a unique way. It provides a theoretical framework that falls more in line with collective work values and ethics than many others. It allows for self-determination, respect, and validation of the client's strengths. An emphasis is on giving the client something new. Especially within substance abuse, the client has heard from multiple authorities and trusted family and friends that their behavior needs to change. The framework also allows for brief interventions that can take place in almost any setting and do not need a pro therapist to initiate. This allows for more manageable, accessible, and cost-effective treatment.
Miller described addiction as when an observer sees the behavior as too high a cost and diminished control within the individual. Motivational interviewing allows for the client to come to be that observer of their own behavior.
References
Ford, C., Oliver, J., Whitehead, B. (2006). Treating Drug Users: A Collaborative Method. Therapy Today. 17, 2, 17-20
Miller, W. (1998). Toward a Motivational Definition and comprehension of Addiction. Motivational Interviewing Newsletter for Trainers, 5, 3, 2-6
Monti, P., Tevyaw, T.O., Borsari, B. (2004). Drinking Among Young Adults. Alcohol investigate and Health, 28, 4, 236-244
Schneider, R. J., Casey, J., Kohn, R. (2000). Motivational versus Confrontational Interviewing: A Comparison of Substance Abuse estimation Practices at employee aid Programs. The Journal of Behavioral health Services and Research, 27, 1, 60-74
Tevyaw, T.O., Monti, P. (2004). Motivational Enhancement and Other Brief Interventions for immature Substance Abuse: Foundations, Applications, and Evaluations. Addiction, 99, 63-75
Weegmann, M. (2002). Motivational Interviewing And Addiction: A Psychodynamic Appreciation. Psychodynamic Practice, 8, 2, 179-195
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